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Unknown4/16/2021
Environmental Science and Technology. 51 (10): 53575359. Bibcode: 2017EnST.51.5357S. doi: 10.1021acs.est.7b01908. PMC 6260822. PMID 28475325.We also know there are known unknowns; that is to say we know there are some things we do not know.But there are also unknown unknownsthe ones we dont know we dont know.
And if one looks throughout the history of our country and other free countries, it is the latter category that tends to be the difficult ones. The idea of unknown unknowns was created in 1955 by two American psychologists, Joseph Luft (19162014) and Harrington Ingham (19161995) in their development of the Johari window. They used it as a technique to help people better understand their relationship with themselves as well as others. For example, prior to the invention of the personal computer, manufacturers of typewriters probably didnt foresee the risks to their business. Contemporary usage is largely consistent with the earliest known usages. For example, the term was used in evidence given to the British Columbia Royal Commission of Inquiry into Uranium Mining in 1979. The risk posed by unknowns is somewhat dependent on the nature of the unknown relative to past experience. ![]() Unknown unknowns (unexpected or unforeseeable conditions), which pose a potentially greater risk simply because they cannot be anticipated based on past experience or investigation. Known unknowns result from recognized but poorly understood phenomena. On the other hand, unknown unknowns are phenomena which cannot be expected because there has been no prior experience or theoretical basis for expecting the phenomena. ![]() In an Authors Note at the start of the book, he expressly acknowledged the source of his memoirs title and mentioned a few examples of his statements prominence, including a Wikipedia article. The Unknown Known is the title of Errol Morris s 2013 biographical documentary film about Rumsfeld. In many cases, an unknown to an investigator that is detected in an experiment is actually known in the chemical literature, a reference database, or an internet resource. The term was originally coined by Little et al. A Leaders Guide to Knowledge Management: Drawing on the Past to Enhance Future Performance. ![]() Lynda.com. Lynda.comLinkedIN. Retrieved October 17, 2015. DAppolonia, DAppolonia Consulting Engineers, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. Proceedings of the British Columbia Royal Commission of Inquiry into Uranium Mining. Hidden Hands in the Market: Ethnographies of Fair Trade, Ethical Consumption, and Corporate Social Responsibility. Journal of the American Society for Mass Spectrometry. Analytical Chemistry. PMID 22803687. Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry. Environmental Science and Technology. Bibcode: 2017EnST.51.5357S. PMC 6260822. PMID 28475325.
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